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The basic structure of a centrifugal pump consists of six parts, namely:
impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearing, sealing ring, stuffing box.

1. The impeller is the core part of the centrifugal pump. It has high speed
and large output force. The blades on the impeller play a major role. The
impeller must pass the static balance test before assembly. The inner and outer
surfaces of the impeller are required to be smooth to reduce the friction loss
of the water flow.

2. The pump body is also called the pump shell, which is the main body of the
water pump. It plays a supporting and fixing role and is connected to the
bracket for installing the bearing.

3. The function of the pump shaft is to connect with the motor through the
coupling to transmit the torque of the motor to the impeller, so it is the main
component for transmitting mechanical energy.

4. The bearing is a component that supports the pump shaft and includes
rolling bearings and sliding bearings. Rolling bearings use butter as a
lubricant. The oil should be appropriate, generally 2/3 to 3/4 of the volume.
Too much will cause heat, too little will make noise and heat! The sliding
bearing centrifugal pump structure uses transparent oil as a lubricant, and the
oil should be added to the oil level line. Too much oil will seep out along the
pump shaft and float, too little will overheat and burn the bearings, causing
accidents! During the operation of the water pump, the highest temperature of
the bearing is 85 degrees and generally runs at around 60 degrees. If it is
high, find the cause (whether there are impurities, whether the oil is black,
whether water has entered) and deal with it in time!

5. The sealing ring is also called the leakage reduction ring. If the gap
between the impeller inlet and the pump casing is too large, the water in the
high-pressure area of the pump will flow to the low-pressure area through this
gap, affecting the water output of the pump and reducing efficiency! If the gap
is too small, the impeller and the pump casing will cause friction and wear. In
order to increase the reflux resistance and reduce internal leakage, and delay
the service life of the impeller and the pump casing, a sealing ring is
installed at the junction of the inner edge of the pump casing and the outer aid
of the impeller. The sealing gap should be kept between 0.25 and 1.10 mm.

6. The stuffing box is mainly composed of stuffing, water seal ring, stuffing
tube, stuffing gland, and water seal pipe. The main function of the stuffing box
is to seal the space between the pump casing and the pump shaft, so as to
prevent the water in the pump from flowing out and the outside air from entering
the pump. Always keep the vacuum in the pump! When the pump shaft and the
stuffing generate heat through friction, the water seal tube will be used to
keep the water into the water seal ring to cool the stuffing and keep the pump
running normally. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the inspection
of the stuffing box during the inspection of the pump's operation! The stuffing
should be replaced after about 600 hours of operation.

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